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Transitionsekonomi, från planekonomi till marknadsekonomi

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Överordnad kategori: Finansartiklar
Träffar: 6361
Länderna i Östeuropa och forna Sovjetunionen har sedan Berlinmurens fall 1989 genomgått omfattande ekonomiska och politiska förändringar; transitioner från planekonomi till marknadsekonomi. I en ny avhandling från Växjö universitet undersöker nationalekonomen Monika Hjeds Löfmark två olika områden inom transitionsekonomi. Avhandlingen består av fyra vetenskapliga artiklar. Dessa rör dels rysk arbetsmarknad och dels sambandet mellan transition och terrorism.
 
Arbetsmarknaden tillhör ett av de områden som förändrats mest, exempelvis fanns det tidigare ingen officiell arbetslöshet. Avhandlingen visar att arbetslösa i hög utsträckning förlitar sig på informella sökmetoder, att det lönar sig att aktivt söka jobb och att humankapitalets betydelse har ökat. Vidare pekar forskning i avhandlingen på att arbetslivserfarenhet är av stor vikt för att få jobb, medan utbildning spelar en förhållandevis liten roll. Däremot kan en ny utbildning påverka arbetsmarknadssituationen positivt. I en artikel som behandlar tidsfördelning mellan makar visar Monika Hjeds Löfmark att ryska kvinnor lägger ner väsentligt mycket mer tid på obetalt arbete än män samt att kvinnor påverkas i större utsträckning av hushållets inkomster, förekomsten av barn och mannens utbildningsnivå.

Transitionen har medfört nya gränser, svagare skyddsnät, korruption och ökad ekonomisk ojämlikhet. Det har också sagts att med nya demokratier ökar risken för terrorism. I den fjärde artikeln analyserar Monika Hjeds Löfmark sambandet mellan omvandlingsekonomierna och terrorism och visar bland annat att en dåligt utvecklad demokrati och en stor andel unga är positivt korrelerat med antal terroristdåd.

Monika Hjeds Löfmark kommer ursprungligen från Nyköping och tog sin grundexamen vid Stockholms universitet. Hon är sedan 2000 doktorand i nationalekonomi vid Växjö universitet.

Avhandlingen "Essays on transition" försvaras fredagen 3 oktober 2008, kl. 10.00. Disputationen äger rum i sal Myrdal, Växjö universitet. Fakultetsopponent är professor Anders Björklund, Stockholms universitet.

Publicerad: 2008-10-01

Källa: www.vxu.se ; Växjö Universitet; Hämtad 9 december 2008

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